Performance analysis of carrier aggregation for various mobile network implementations scenario based on spectrum allocated

Carrier Aggregation (CA) is one of the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) features that allow mobile network operators (MNO) to combine multiple component carriers (CCs) across the available spectrum to create a wider bandwidth channel for increasing the network data throughput and overall capacity. CA has a potential to enhance data rates and network performance in the downlink, uplink, or both, and it can support aggregation of frequency division duplexing (FDD) as well as time division duplexing (TDD). The technique enables the MNO to exploit fragmented spectrum allocations and can be utilized to aggregate licensed and unlicensed carrier spectrum as well. This paper analyzes the performance gains and complexity level that arises from the aggregation of three inter-band component carriers (3CC) as compared to the aggregation of 2CC using a Vienna LTE System Level simulator. The results show a considerable growth in the average cell throughput when 3CC aggregations are implemented over the 2CC aggregation, at the expense of reduction in the fairness index. The reduction in the fairness index implies that, the scheduler has an increased task in resource allocations due to the added component carrier. Compensating for such decrease in the fairness index could result into scheduler design complexity. The proposed scheme can be adopted in combining various component carriers, to increase the bandwidth and hence the data rates.Comment: 13 page

Review on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility in Aeronautical Radio communications Systems –Tanzania Case Study.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) in communication systems is one of the major challenges which face the communication sector and is mainly caused by unwanted signals which can be characterized as noise. Due to this during communication system design stages, implementation phase and operation of communication link Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measures are of great importance. EMC analysis provides important information for communication system designers, planners and operators which facilitate coexistence of different communication systems.  In past few years there is an increase in number of Frequency Modulation (FM) broadcasting radio stations in Tanzania which operates in frequency band adjacent to aeronautical communication facilities. The FM broadcasting stations causes interference to the aeronautical radio-communication systems hence posing a great risk to aircraft navigation safety.  This is mainly due to unavailability of guard band between the two systems and high power radiated by FM broadcasting stations. This paper addresses interference cases in Tanzania and analyzes the interference mechanism for each interference case. To facilitate this field measurement was conducted in Arusha, Iringa and Zanzibar and mitigation measures which will ensure compatibility are proposed. In paper we have proposed the use of corner plate antenna to mitigate interference caused by FM broadcasting systems. Keywords: EMI, EMC, FM, Interferenc

Corner Reflector Antenna Design for Interference Mitigation between FM Broadcasting and Aeronautical Ground to Air Communication Radios

Third order intermodulation products caused by two or more FM broadcasting radios transmitter on a site to inter modulate either within transmitters themselves or within a non-linear component on site and those intermodulation products due to non-linearity’s of passive circuits of transmitters sharing same radiating element have been the source of interference in Tanzania to aeronautical ground to air communication (COM) systems which are safety services due to its nature of safeguarding human life and properties. These intermodulation products have been found in frequencies used by COM systems. This research work focused on using of corner reflector antenna to mitigate interference caused by FM broadcasting radio stations to COM facilities which are used for ground to air communication between control tower and pilots in Tanzania. Through simulations it is observed that the corner reflector antenna provide sufficient front to back ratio which facilitate in reducing electric signal strength and hence forth power level from FM broadcasting stations reaching the aeronautical facilities and hence mitigate the interference. Keywords: COM, FM, third order, intermodulatio

Yagi-Uda Antenna Gain Improvement for Enhanced Reception of DVB-T2 Signals

Yagi-Uda Antenna is a widely used roof top DVB-T2 receiver antenna due to its high forward gain capability, low cost and ease in construction. In Tanzania, there have been some complaints which were logged to Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) by the customers on the poor reception of DVB-T2 signals which may be caused by signal degradation. In this paper we propose enhancement of the gain of the Yagi antenna so as to improve the reception signals of the DVB-T2. This will help solve those complaints. It is well known that the increase in radiation pattern causes the increase in directivity and hence gain which will have an impact on good quality of reception for DVB-T2 signals coming from the transmitter. After carefully design and simulation in FEKO simulating software by adding the number of director elements and making some adjustments on the length and spacing between the elements, we managed to increase the gain of the antenna by 4.7dB. This is significant improvement of the quality of received signals. Keywords: DVB-T2, Yagi Uda antenna, Set Top Box (STB), antenna gain, Directivity, Wavelength, Electric field strength, Signal reception, Radiation pattern

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DVB-T2 BROADCASTING NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA

DVB-T2 is the second generation of the digital terrestrial television broadcasting system which transmits composite (compressed digital audio and video) signal and other data in an MPEG-4 transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. DVB-T2 uses multiple MPEG-4 transport streams and have enhanced FEC and higher QAM (256-QAM) constellations. Tanzania switched from analogue to Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial second generation (DVB-T2) in 2013, since the official switching there has been complaints from the DVB-T2 users on the coverage and quality of service provided. In this paper we evaluated the DVB-T2 performance and make the recommendations on the ways to optimize the performance. Through measurements it has been observed that, the quality of coverage in some areas (locations) is poor, so to improve the received signal strength coverage and quality we recommend the use of enhanced Yagi-Uda antenna gain which is going to be designed. Keywords: DVB-T2, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Bit Error Rate (BER), Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR), Modulation Error Rate (MER), Polarization, Yagi-Uda antenna

Analysis of Quality of Service for WCDMA Network in Mwanza, Tanzania

This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of WCDMA network in both rural and urban areas of Mwanza, Tanzania. The analysis of data starts by collecting data through a drive test measurements by using TEMS Investigation tool. The parameters which are analyzed in this paper are such are Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), Transmitted Power (TX), Speech Quality Index (SQI) and the ration of received power to noise (Ec/N0). The data collected shows that only 24.02% of the region has got the good coverage, 23.24% has poor coverage and the 52.74% has a fair coverage. Also by using the basic Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) we analyzed the data for the quality of service (QoS) of the area which shows only 27.61% of the region has good QoS, while the poor value recorded with 2.76% of the region.  We can use the analysis done in this work as a platform and benchmark to aid in the system optimization for telecoms services providers improved performance in the region. Keywords: WCDMA, Received Signal Code Power, Coverage and Quality of Servic

Framework for Data Mining In Healthcare Information System in Developing Countries: A Case of Tanzania

\ud Globally the healthcare sector is abundant with data and hence using data mining techniques in this area seems promising. Healthcare sector collects huge amounts of data on a daily basis. Transferring data into secure electronic system of medical health can save lives and reduce the cost of healthcare services as well as early discovery of contagious diseases with advanced collection of medical data. In this study we have proposed a best fit for data mining techniques in healthcare based on a case study. The proposed framework aims to provide self healthcare treatments where by several monitoring equipments using the cyberspace devices have been developed to help patients manage their medical conditions at home for example, diabetic patients can test their blood sugar level by using e-device, which, with the click of a computer mouse, downloads the results to a healthcare practitioner, minimizes time to wait for medical treatments, and minimizes the delay time in providing medical treatments. Data mining is a new technology used in different types of sectors to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business model as well as solving problems in business world.\u

Analysis of Quality of Service for WCDMA Network in Mwanza, Tanzania

A research article was published by Journal of Information Engineering and Applications Vol.5, No.9, 2015This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of WCDMA network in both rural and urban areas of Mwanza, Tanzania. The analysis of data starts by collecting data through a drive test measurements by using TEMS Investigation tool. The parameters which are analyzed in this paper are such are Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), Transmitted Power (TX), Speech Quality Index (SQI) and the ration of received power to noise (Ec/N0). The data collected shows that only 24.02% of the region has got the good coverage, 23.24% has poor coverage and the 52.74% has a fair coverage. Also by using the basic Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) we analyzed the data for the quality of service (QoS) of the area which shows only 27.61% of the region has good QoS, while the poor value recorded with 2.76% of the region. We can use the analysis done in this work as a platform and benchmark to aid in the system optimization for telecoms services providers improved performance in the region

Towards Data Exchange between Health Information System and Insurance Claims Management System

This research article published by Modern Education and Computer Science Press, 2019The advancement of technology observed today has led to the development of many Health Information Systems (HIS) which are cost-effective, reliable, scalable and flexible. Moreover, integrated Health Information System (iHIS) plays a crucial role in the dissemination of information, which helps in decision-making. The care2x HIS in Tanzania does not have a module for exchanging data between Care2x HIS and the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) claims management system. The absence of this module in Care2x has resulted into long waiting time for a patient, inaccuracy of the data submitted in claim forms, the consumption of time when processing claims, delay in processing payment and the high costs incurred in printing claims forms. In this paper, we used both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather the requirements for the development of the module. Interviews, questionnaire and document review were employed in data collection. The requirements were gathered with the help of 12 practitioners and one Information Technology (IT) specialist from NHIF headquarters. The results showed that the integration of the data exchange module is very potential in solving the present challenges. The data exchange module between Care2x HIS and NHIF Claims management System will increase the accuracy of claims submitted and reduce the cost for printing claims forms and time spent in filling and processing claims